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1.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 29(2): 69-74, 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1116918

ABSTRACT

The management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is constantly changing due to the arrival of new therapeutic agents. Combined therapy (biological associated with immunosuppressive therapy) has proven to be effective, reducing immunogenicity (antibody formation), optimizing the pharmacokinetics of biological therapy with anti-TNF. This therapeutic strategy has associated risks (neoplasia and intercurrent infections) that are not only explained by the use of drugs but also by the increase of cases in older ages. It is essential for the medical team to be familiar with the optimization and personalization of the therapy to achieve clear therapeutic objectives with the lowest possible risks.


El manejo de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) está en constante cambio, debido a la llegada de nuevos agentes terapéuticos. La terapia combinada (terapia biológica asociada a inmunosupresores) ha demostrado ser efectiva al disminuir la inmunogenicidad (formación de anticuerpos) permitiendo la optimización farmacocinética. Esta estrategia terapéutica tiene riesgos asociados (neoplasias e infecciones intercurrentes) que no sólo se explican por el uso de fármacos sino también por el aumento de casos en edades más avanzadas. Es fundamental que el equipo tratante este familiarizado con la optimización y personalización de la terapia para así lograr objetivos terapéuticos claros con los menores riesgos posibles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy , Tumor Necrosis Factors/antagonists & inhibitors , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Azathioprine/adverse effects , Azathioprine/therapeutic use , Biological Therapy/methods , Drug Therapy, Combination , Immunologic Factors/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
2.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 28(2): 70-75, 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1118440

ABSTRACT

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, idiopathic disease characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It affects more than 5 million people worldwide and in Chile studies suggest that IBD incidence has increased in recent years. It is manifested by periods of remission and activity, requiring permanent pharmacological treatment. Both, the occurrence of a crisis episode and the need for lifetime medical treatment could affect the quality of life of IBD patients. Studies suggest that patients with IBD require education to develop self-management of their disease and adhere to treatment, thus reducing the risk of crisis episodes. The importance of this strategy or action is significant if we consider that studies have shown that the level of knowledge of IBD patients regarding their pathology is low. The purpose of this article is to review the effect of education on the management of IBD patients and the implications of a multidisciplinary team with an IBD specialist nurse.


La enfermedad inflamatoria Intestinal (EII) es una enfermedad crónica, idiopática, caracterizada por la inflamación del tracto gastrointestinal. Afecta a más de 5 millones de personas en el mundo y en Chile estudios sugieren que ha ido en aumento en los últimos años. Se manifiesta por períodos de remisión y actividad, siendo necesario un tratamiento farmacológico permanente. Tanto la presencia de crisis como la necesidad de un tratamiento médico de por vida, podrían afectar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Estudios sugieren que los pacientes con EII requieren de educación para poder desarrollar un buen autocuidado de su enfermedad, adherirse al tratamiento y disminuir así el riesgo de crisis. Esta estrategia o acción no deja de ser importante si consideramos que estudios han mostrado que el nivel de conocimiento de los pacientes con EII respecto a su patología es bajo. El propósito de este artículo es revisar el efecto de la educación en el manejo de los pacientes con EII, y las implicancias de un equipo multidisciplinario con una enfermera especialista en EII que realice el seguimiento de estos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Care Team , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Quality of Life , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/nursing , Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy , Crohn Disease/therapy , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Patient Compliance , Treatment Adherence and Compliance
3.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 28(3): 177-184, 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1118805

ABSTRACT

Incidence of obesity is rising worldwide, Chile is no exception with obese patients representing up to one third of general population. This parallels with increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Contrary to conventional belief, comorbidity is high (15-40%), where both diseases present with chronic inflammation and dysbiosis which alters intestinal barrier. Causality between obesity and IBD is difficult to stablish and evidence is scarce to determine association. Obesity would be a risk factor for IBD, particularly in Crohn´s Disease (CD), females and obesity at young age. Other than body mass index (BMI), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been recently determined as the best indicator of metabolic and endocrine consequences of obesity. Increasing values of VAT have been related to complicated IBD and worst prognosis. On IBD-related therapy, increasing BMI has been related to suboptimal doses and in biologic therapy, obesity raises the probability of flares, loss of response and therapy optimization. Obese patients require IBD-related surgery before non-obese patients and present more postoperative complications. Similarly, VAT is an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence in CD. Altogether this evidence suggests that obesity does have an influence on IBD, therefore, multidisciplinary healthcare providers should prevent, educate and intervene actively in obesity in order to improve results in intestinal disease


La obesidad ha ido aumentando progresivamente a nivel mundial. Chile no es la excepción, donde un tercio de la población es obesa. Así mismo, la incidencia y prevalencia de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) también ha ido en aumento. La comorbilidad entre obesidad y EII es alta (15-40%) donde ambas presentan inflamación crónica y dentro de su patogenia tienen en común la disbiosis, que altera la función de barrera intestinal. Establecer una asociación de causalidad es difícil y la evidencia es escasa en relación a su asociación. La obesidad puede ser considerada como factor de riesgo para EII, particularmente en pacientes con Enfermedad de Crohn (EC), mujeres y obesidad temprana. Además, se ha establecido que el tejido adiposo visceral (TAV) es mejor indicador de las consecuencias metabólicas de la obesidad en comparación al índice de masa corporal (IMC) y se ha asociado a EII más complicada y peor evolución natural. Con respecto a la terapia, los pacientes con mayor IMC tienen con mayor frecuencia, dosis subóptima de los fármacos, y en terapia biológica, la obesidad aumenta la probabilidad de crisis, pérdida de respuesta al fármaco u optimización de la terapia. Los pacientes obesos requieren cirugía relacionada a EII antes que los pacientes no obesos, presentan más complicaciones postoperatorias y el TAV es un factor de riesgo independiente para recurrencia postoperatoria en EC. Todos estos resultados sugieren que la obesidad influye en la EII, por lo que una intervención activa y multidisciplinaria pudiese mejorar también los resultados en la enfermedad intestinal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiology , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/physiopathology , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy , Colitis, Ulcerative , Crohn Disease , Comorbidity , Risk Factors , Intra-Abdominal Fat , Obesity/physiopathology , Obesity/therapy
4.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 28(supl.1): S25-S30, 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1120612

ABSTRACT

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have shown to be at increased risk of developing extraintestinal malignancies. Immunomodulators (immunosuppressant and anti-tumor necrosis factor) diminish the mucosal inflammatory response changing the evolution of the disease, especially when these strategies are introduced earlier. However, therapies that alter the immune system may also promote carcinogenesis. Treatment of IBD in patients with prior malignancy is challenging and the final decision regarding therapeutic strategy should be made on a case-by-case basis. The purpose of this review is to show the characteristics of extra-colonic cancer in patients with IBD, including risks, pathogenesis and management of IBD after cancer diagnosis, the effect of neoplasm treatment on IBD, and the effect of IBD and its treatments on cancer outcomes.


Los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) presentan un mayor riesgo de desarrollar neoplasias extraintestinales. Los inmunomoduladores (inmunosupresores y terapia biológica anti-TNF) disminuyen la respuesta inflamatoria a nivel de la mucosa, modificando la evolución de la enfermedad, especialmente cuando son introducidos precozmente. Sin embargo, estas terapias pueden alterar el sistema inmune y promover la carcinogénesis. El tratamiento de la EII en pacientes con antecedentes de cáncer es un desafío y la decisión final sobre la estrategia terapéutica debe ser determinada caso a caso. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo mostrar las características de las neoplasias extra-intestinales en pacientes con EII, incluyendo los riesgos, patogénesis y manejo de la EII posterior al diagnóstico del cáncer, el efecto de la neoplasia sobre el tratamiento de la EII y el efecto de la EII y su tratamiento sobre el cáncer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy , Risk Factors , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/etiology
5.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 28(1): 9-15, 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-907662

ABSTRACT

Although inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) etiology is still unknown, genetic, environmental and immunological factors are implicated. Studies have considered quality of sleep as a risk factor in IBD course. Objective: To determine sleep quality in IBD patients, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and healthy controls (HC). Methods: Cross sectional study assessing sleep quality in adult patients with IBD, IBS and HC. All patients answered a validated Spanish version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire in order to evaluate sleep quality. A PSQI global score > 5 is indicative of poor sleep quality. Demographic and clinical variables were assessed. Results: The study included 276 patients, 111 with IBD, 85 with IBS and 80 HC. A PSQI score > 5 was observed in 67 percent of IBD and IBS patients and 55 percent of HC. IBD and IBS patients exhibited poorer sleep quality than HC, although results did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.069 and p = 0.076, respectively). In IBD patients, an association between disease activity and sleep quality was observed (p = 0.025). However, when analyzing separately patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn ́s Disease (CD), only in UC patients sleep quality was related with disease activity. The use of sleep medications was significantly higher in IBD and IBS patients compared with healthy controls (p = 0.021 and p = 0.009, respectively). Conclusion: Sleep disturbances are frequent in IBD, IBS patients and even healthy controls. Additionally, IBD patients with active disease, particularly those with UC, exhibit worse sleep quality.


Aunque la etiología de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) es aún desconocida, factores genéticos, ambientales e inmunológicos estarían implicados. Estudios han considerado la calidad del sueño como un factor de riesgo en la evolución de la EII. Objetivo: Determinar la calidad del sueño en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII), síndrome intestino irritable (SII) y controles sanos (CS). Métodos:Estudio transversal en pacientes adultos con EII, SII y CS. Se evaluó la calidad del sueño mediante el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (ICSP), siendo una puntuación global > 5 indicativa de mala calidad del sueño. Variables demográficas y clínicas fueron evaluadas. Resultados:Se incluyeron 276 pacientes, 111 con EII, 85 SII y 80 CS. ICSP > 5 fue observado en 67 por ciento de los pacientes con EII y SII, y 55 por ciento de los CS. Los pacientes con EII y SII mostraron una peor calidad del sueño comparado con CS sin alcanzar significancia estadística (p: 0,069 y p: 0,076, respectivamente). En los pacientes con EII, se observó una asociación entre actividad de la enfermedad y calidad del sueño (p: 0,025). Sin embargo, al analizar por diagnóstico específico, sólo pacientes con colitis ulcerosa (CU) presentaron esta asociación. El uso de medicamentos para dormir fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes con EII y SII comparado con CS (p: 0,021 y p: 0,009, respectivamente). Conclusión:Los trastornos del sueño son frecuentes en pacientes con EII, SII e incluso CS. Pacientes con EII activa, en particular aquellos con CU, presentaron una peor calidad del sueño.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/physiopathology , Sleep , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Colitis, Ulcerative/physiopathology , Crohn Disease/complications , Crohn Disease/physiopathology , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
Med. infant ; 23(2): 74-78, junio 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-882096

ABSTRACT

El tumor de Wilms (TW) es el tumor renal maligno más frecuente en la infancia. Entre el 5-7% de los pacientes se presentan con enfermedad TW bilateral, de forma sincrónica o metacrónica. El TW bilateral generalmente ocurre en pacientes pequeños y más frecuentemente en niñas. La cirugía es un componente crítico en el tratamiento para lograr una alta tasa de curación preservando la mayor cantidad de masa renal. La quimioterapia preoperatoria a menudo reduce significativamente el tamaño del tumor, facilitando la cirugía posterior. Los pacientes con TW bilateral deben ser tratados en centros con experiencia en esta patología. El manejo de estos pacientes es aún un desafío (AU)


Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common malignant kidney tumor in childhood. Between 5-7% of the patients present with synchronous or metachronous bilateral WT. Bilateral WT typically occurs in young patients and most frequently in girls. Surgery is a critical component of the treatment as it has a high rate of cure while preserving the largest kidney mass. Preoperative chemotherapy often significantly reduces the size of the tumor, facilitating subsequent surgery. Patients with bilateral WT should be managed at centers with experience treating this disease. The management of these patients is still a challenge (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Wilms Tumor/drug therapy , Wilms Tumor/epidemiology , Wilms Tumor/radiotherapy , Wilms Tumor/surgery , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies
7.
ARS med. (Santiago, En línea) ; 41(1): 14-22, 2016. Tab, Graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1015504

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El tabaco es la primera causa de morbimortalidad prevenible en el mundo. En Chile la prevalencia de consumo es 40,6 por ciento, la mayor a nivel continental. El consejo breve o consejería breve (CB) es una intervención simple, efectiva y de bajo costo para el cese de consumo de tabaco, que Atención Primaria en Salud (APS) ha demostrado disminuir en la prevalencia de tabaquismo. Existe escasa información sobre la utilización de CB en APS en Chile. Métodos: Estudio transversal de metodología cuantitativa. Se encuestó a 604 pacientes pertenecientes a 2 centros APS de Santiago, tras haber recibido atención clínica. Los datos fueron analizados con SPSS 21 y calculadora web Graph Pad. Resultados: La prevalencia de tabaquismo entre los encuestados fue de 32,5por ciento, de ellos, el 78,6 por ciento reportó deseo de dejar de fumar. Al 43,7 por ciento de los encuestados se le preguntó respecto al consumo de tabaco en la atención reciente, y del total de fumadores, a 37,1 por ciento se les aconsejó dejar de fumar. Los pacientes fumadores calificaron la recepción de CB como "indiferente", "agradable" o "muy agradable" en un 94,9 por ciento, y en un 90,5 por ciento, entre aquellos que no desean dejar de fumar. Conclusión: El tabaquismo es un problema escasamente abordado en las atenciones clínicas APS, lo que contrasta con la alta prevalencia de consumo nacional y de los pacientes consultantes. La mayoría de los fumadores desea dejar de fumar, y la minoría considera "desagradable" o "muy desagradable" ser aconsejada para cesar el consumo, aun en aquellos fumadores que no quieren dejar de fumar.(AU)


Introduction: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Chile smoking prevalence is 40.6 percent, the highest on the continent. Brief advice or brief counseling (BC) is a simple, effective and inexpensive intervention for tobacco consumption cessation, that has been shown decrease smoking prevalence in Primary Health Care (PHC). There is little information on the use of BC in PHC in Chile. Methods: Cross-sectional study of quantitative methodology. 604 patients were surveyed from 2 PHC centers of Santiago, after receiving clinical care. Data was analyzed with SPSS 21 and Graph Pad web calculator. Results: The smoking prevalence among respondents was 32.5 percent, 78.6 percent of them expressed desire to quit 43.7 percent of respondents were asked about consumption of tobacco in a recent consultation, and a total 36.9 percent of smokers were advised to quit. Smokers patients rated reciving CB as "indifferent", "pleasant" or "very pleasant" in 94,9 percent and 90,5 percent among those who did not want to quit. Conclusion: Smoking is a problem rarely addressed in PHC, this contrasts with the high prevalence of domestic consumption and consulting patients. Most smokers want to quit and only a minority considered "unpleasant" or "very unpleasant" being advised to cease consumption, even in those smokers who do not want to quit.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Nicotiana , Counseling , Primary Health Care , Chile , Tobacco Use Cessation
8.
Rev. chil. cir ; 66(4): 320-326, ago. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-719113

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Surgery of the thyroid gland is the most performed procedure by the endocrine surgeon. In the last years, new techniques have been incorporated in this procedure. Our objective is to analyse the impact of these techniques in our department. Methods: We performed a retrospective and comparative study among three samples of patients submitted for total thyroidectomy. Group I: Sample of 96 patients operated between 2004 and 2007 performing total thyroidectomy. In this period we didn't use ultrasonic scalpel (US) nor intraoperative neuromonitoring (INM). Group II: Sample of 108 patients operated between 2008 and 2010. In this group we used US for hemostasis. Group III: Sample of 82 patients operated between 2011 and 2012. In this group we used both US and INM. The groups are compared: complications, postoperative stay, surgical time and costs per patient. Results: We analysed the following complications: haemorrhage, postoperative hipocalcemia and recurrent nerve palsy. We didn't find significant differences among the samples of patients but there were a less percentage of recurrent palsy in the third group (4.9 percent vs 12.5 and 11.1 percent). We found significant differences when stay, surgical time and costs were analysed. Conclusion: The use of new techniques in thyroid surgery has supposed an improvement not only in the clinic outcomes but in the surgical time.


Objetivo: La cirugía de la glándula tiroides representa el procedimiento más frecuente que realiza el cirujano endocrino. En los últimos años se han ido incorporando nuevas técnicas aplicadas a este procedimiento. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es analizar el impacto que dichas técnicas han tenido en nuestro servicio. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y comparativo entre tres muestras de pacientes a los que se realizó tiroidectomía total. Grupo I: Muestra de 96 pacientes intervenidos entre 2004 y 2007 a los que se realizó tiroidectomía total. En este período no se utilizó bisturí ultrasónico (BU) ni neuromonitorización intraoperatoria (NMI). Grupo II: Muestra de 108 pacientes intervenidos entre 2008 y 2010. En este grupo se realizó hemostasia con BU. Grupo III: Muestra de 82 pacientes intervenidos entre 2011 y 2012. Se utilizó tanto el BU como la NMI. Se comparan los grupos en cuanto a: complicaciones, estancia postoperatoria, tiempo quirúrgico y coste por paciente. Resultados: Las complicaciones analizadas fueron: hemorragia, hipocalcemia postoperatoria y parálisis del nervio laríngeo recurrente. No encontramos diferencias significativas entre los grupos aunque sí hay una menor tasa de parálisis recurrenciales en el tercer período (4,9 por ciento vs 12,5 y 11,1 por ciento). Hemos obtenido diferencias significativas en estancia, tiempo quirúrgico y coste por paciente. Conclusión: La inclusión de las nuevas técnicas en cirugía tiroidea ha supuesto una mejora en los resultados clínicos así como un ahorro de tiempo de quirófano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Thyroid Gland/surgery , Thyroidectomy/instrumentation , Thyroidectomy/methods , Cost Efficiency Analysis , Monitoring, Intraoperative , Operative Time , Postoperative Complications , Ultrasonic Surgical Procedures/instrumentation , Retrospective Studies , Surgical Instruments , Treatment Outcome , Thyroidectomy/economics
10.
Quito; s.n; 2007. 67 p. tab.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-573104

ABSTRACT

El estudio de prevalencia de anemia en niños y niñas de la Escuela Fiscal José Miguel Burneo de la ciudad de Loja y su relación con el rendimiento escolar durante el período 2005-2006, es un estudio de prevalencia de corte transversal. Se realizó la detenninación de hemoglobina en sangre mediante la prueba colorimétrica o método hemoglobinacianuro que fue medida en el espectrofotómetro. Se obtuvo 3cc de sangre venosa en la mañana a los 265 alumnos que fue el universo de estudio, se consideró como criterio de inclusión el que asistan regularmente a clases en el periodo escolar 2005-2006. Para la defInición de caso de anemia se consideró a los valores de hemoglobina menores de 13,2g/dl. El rendimiento escolar se determinó en base al promedio de notas obtenidas en los tres trimestres del período lectivo 2005-2006, de acuerdo a escalas de categorías del Ministerio de Educación y sus respectivos equivalentes: Sobresaliente, Muy bueno, Bueno, Regular e InsufIciente. Como resultado de la investigación se obtuvo la prevalencia de anemia 29,06% en los escolares. El rendimiento escolar fue alto (sobresaliente-muy bueno) 73,21 %. De los escolares que presentaron anemia el 74,02% alcanzaron rendimiento alto (sobresaliente-muy bueno). Del grupo de estudio que presentó anemia el 77,5% fueron niños y el 70,27 niñas. Se relacionó anemia con rendimiento escolar y se determinó que no existía asociación (r = -0699563) refutándose la hipótesis planteada.


Subject(s)
Anemia , Child , Underachievement
11.
Quito; s.n; 2007. 67 p. tab.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-468583

ABSTRACT

El estudio de prevalencia de anemia en niños y niñas de la Escuela Fiscal José Miguel Burneo de la ciudad de Loja y su relación con el rendimiento escolar durante el período 2005-2006, es un estudio de prevalencia de corte transversal. Se realizó la determinación de hemoglobina en sangre mediante la prueba colorimétrica o método hemoglobinacianuro que fue medida en el espectrofotómetro. Se obtuvo 3cc de sangre venosa en la mañana a los 265 alumnos que fue el universo de estudio,se consideró como criterio de inclusión el que asistan regularmente a clases en el periodo escolar 2005-2006. Para la definición de caso de anemia se consideró a los valores de hemoglobina menores de 13,2g/dl. El rendimiento escolar determinó en base promedio de notas obtenidas en los tres trimestres del periodo lectivo 2005-2006, de acuerdo a escalas de categoría del Ministerio de Educación y sus respectivos equivalentes


Subject(s)
Child , Anemia , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/complications , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/prevention & control , Child Health/statistics & numerical data , Child , Child Nutrition Disorders
12.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 23(2): 81-86, abr.-jun. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, INS-PERU | ID: lil-477887

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Evaluar la sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos de la prueba rápida basada en la detección de lapLDH (OptiMAL®) kit individual para el diagnóstico de malaria en áreas endémicas del Perú. Materiales y métodos:Estudio transversal realizado con pacientes febriles atendidos en centros de salud de la selva norte del Perú (San Martiny Loreto), de abril a diciembre de 2001. A cada paciente se le realizó la gota gruesa, la prueba OptiMAL® y densidadparasitaria en forma ciega, por personal local capacitado y luego en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Malaria.Se calculó la sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo(VPN) de laprueba OptiMAL® en relación a la gota gruesa para el diagnóstico de malaria global y según especie (P.falciparumy P.vivax). Resultados: Se incluyeron 346 muestras, 170 positivas. La prueba OptiMAL® tuvo niveles de S=95,7 por ciento, E=97,1 por ciento, VPP=97,7 por ciento, VPN=95,3 por ciento independientemente de la especie. Para P.falciparum tuvo S=90,5 por ciento, E=97,3 por ciento,VPP=67,9 y VPN=99.4 por ciento; en tanto que para P.vivax S=92,0 por ciento, E=99,0 por ciento, VPP=98,7 por ciento y VPN=93,5 por ciento. Las sensibilidadesestratificadas por parasitemia fueron 97,0 por ciento (>5000 parásitos/μL), 99 por ciento (100-5000 p/μL) y 50 por ciento (<100p/μL). Conclusiones:La prueba rápida OptiMAL® es un método con buena sensibilidad y especificidad para el diagnóstico de malariay puede ser usado en lugares donde no se dispone de laboratorios o microscopistas.


Objectives: To assess sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for a rapid test based on pLDH detection (OptiMALR individual kits) for diagnosing malaria in endemic areas in Peru. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional studied performed in febrile patients taken care of in health centers in Northern Peruvian Amazon Jungle (San Martin and Loreto Departments), from April to December 2001. Each patient had a thick blood smear, OptiMALR test and parasite density test performed in a blinded fashion. Tests were performed by trained personnel and later they were reassessed in the National Malaria Reference Laboratory. Sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPP) were calculated for OptiMALR test compared to thick blood smears for diagnosing malaria and identifying Plasmodium species (P. falciparum and P. vivax). Results: 346 samples were included, 170 of them were reported as positive. OptiMALR test had the following values: S= 95,7%; E= 97,1%; PPV= 97,7%; NPV= 95,3%, independently of identified species. For P. falciparum the values were: S= 90,5%, E= 97,3%, PPV= 67,9%, and NPV= 99,4%; while for P. vivax those values were S= 92,0%; E= 99,0%; PPV= 98,7%, and NPV= 93,5%. Sensitivity values stratified for parasitemia were 97,0% (>5000 parasites/¥ìL), 99% (100.5000 parasites/¥ìL, and 50% (<100 parasites/¥ìL). Conclusions: OptiMALR rapid test is a method with good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing malaria, and it can be used in places where laboratory or microscope facilities are not available.


Subject(s)
Malaria , Sensitivity and Specificity , Peru
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(3): 348-352, mar. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-426103

ABSTRACT

Neurological manifestations, secondary to perfusion problems, vasogenic edema or small infarcts, are common in thrombotic purpura. Moreover, they are the first symptoms of the disease in 50% of patients. We report a 50 year-old woman who presented with focal intermittent neurological signs with aphasia and right hemiparesis, who then developed progressive impairment of consciousness with stupor and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Despite the severe neurological impairment, first neuroimaging studies were normal. A second magnetic resonance imaging showed small cortical infarcts, that were visible only with the technique of diffusion weighted imaging. The standard electroencephalograms showed focal left temporal slowing and low voltage first and then diffuse slowing accordind to the clinical condition of the patients. She was treated with plasmapheresis and had a partial neurological recovery at the fifth day, but died at the twelfth day of therapy .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Brain Infarction/etiology , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/complications , Brain Infarction/diagnosis , Electroencephalography , Fatal Outcome , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/diagnosis , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
14.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(8): 887-893, ago. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-429222

ABSTRACT

Background:Multiple myeloma is rarely curable. Advances in high dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation have improved overall survival and event-free disease periods, but relapses are inevitable. Aim: To report our experience with AT in multiple myeloma, between 1994 and 2003. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 20 patients (12 women), with a mean age of 51.1 years. VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone) was used as initial therapy in 19 patients. High dose cyclophosphamide (11 patients) and variations of VAD regimen (7) associated with granulocyte colony stimulating factor were used for peripheral-blood stem cell harvest. The conditioning regimen consisted of melphalan 200 mg/m2 followed by the reinfusion of peripheral-blood stem cells 24 hours later. The median number of CD34 cells infused was 3,3x106/kg. Three patients were subjected to a second auto graft and one to a non-myeloablative transplant. Mean follow up was 35.5 months. Results: Mucositis and febrile neutropenia were common complications. The median number of days for neutrophyl engraftment was 9 (range 8-11) and for platelets, 10 (range 7-13). No patient died. Complete remission was obtained in 60% (12/20), progession-free survival was 30 months and overall median survival, 47 months. Conclusions: The AT with high-dose melphalan is a safe procedure in our hospital, without mortality and engraftment in all the patients. Complete remission and progression free survival were similar to those reported abroad but the overall median survival was lower.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Myeloma/therapy , Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation , Transplantation Conditioning , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Disease-Free Survival , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Transplantation, Autologous , Treatment Outcome
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(6): 633-638, jun. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-429115

ABSTRACT

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological hypercoagulable state with an increased incidence of thromboembolic phenomena. There is an increase in the concentrations of most clotting factors, a decrease in concentration of some of the natural anticoagulants and reduced fibrinolytic activity. Changes in PS levels have also been reported. Aim: To establish referral range values of functional PS and free PS antigen, during the second (2nd T) and third trimester (3rd T) of normal gestation. Patients and methods: Forty one normal pregnant women were included in our study, 20 during the 2nd T (22-24 weeks) and 21 during the 3rd T (29-38 weeks). Functional PS was measured by a clot based test and free PS antigen by ELISA. Results: Free PS Antigen was 65.8±18.3% during the 2nd T and 62.3±16.5% during the 3rd T. The figures for normal controls were 106±6.5%. Functional PS was 43.8±13.3 and 25.9±14.6% during the 2nd T and 3rd T, respectively. The figures for normal controls were 97±24% (p <0.001 compared with pregnant women). Free PS antigen did not change from the 2nd to the 3rd T (p=NS), however functional PS fell significantly from the 2nd to the 3rd T (p <0.001) and was significantly lower than free PS antigen in both trimesters (p <0.001). Conclusions: Pregnancy is associated to a decrease in PS. This abnormality is more pronounced for functional PS than free PS antigen and functional PS falls progressively during pregnancy. These assays should not be used to screen for PS deficiency during pregnancy because they could lead to a misdiagnosis.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, Second/blood , Pregnancy Trimester, Third/blood , Protein S/analysis , Blood Coagulation Tests , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/standards , Prospective Studies , Protein S Deficiency/metabolism , Reference Values
16.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 22(Supl.2): 79-113, 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-417362

ABSTRACT

La intensidad y duración de la neutropenia post quimioterapia fueron identificadas en la década del 60 como los factores de mayor relevancia predisponentes a infecciones en pacientes con cáncer. A inicios de la década del 70 se estableció un manejo estandarizado para todos los episodios de neutropenia febril (NF), consistente en hospitalización y terapia antimicrobiana intravenosa empírica, de amplio espectro, lo que se tradujo en una importante disminución de la mortalidad por infecciones bacterianas en estos pacientes. En los últimos 10 a 15 años, distintos grupos de investigadores han considerado poco beneficiosas estas estrategias estandarizadas, que proporcionan un manejo uniforme a todos los pacientes con episodios de NF, independiente de la gravedad de estos. Así, se acuñaron en la década pasada los conceptos de NF de alto y bajo riesgo, lo que ha permitido implementar estrategias terapéuticas diferenciadas según el riesgo que entrañe el episodio para cada paciente en particular. La Sociedad Chilena de Infectología ha tenido la iniciativa de proponer, en un trabajo conjunto con dos programas gubernamentales: Programa Infantil de Drogas Antineoplásicas y Programa Adulto de Drogas Antineoplásicas y la Sociedad Chilena de Hematología, un consenso de diagnóstico, manejo terapéutico y prevención de NF en adultos y niños con cáncer, considerando básicamente dos aspectos: el cambio de enfoque que esta patología ha tenido en la última década, lo que obliga a una revisión sistematizada del tema, y en segundo lugar, una población creciente de pacientes oncológicos, cada vez con mejores expectativas terapéuticas para su patología de base, lo que exige ofrecer en forma acorde un muy buen manejo de esta complicación. Entregamos este documento con una completa revisión de la literatura médica sobre epidemiología, exploración de laboratorio, categorización de riesgo, enfoque terapéutico y quimioprofilaxis, con la mayor cantidad de datos nacionales disponibles, para ofrecer al equipo de salud que atiende a estos pacientes recomendaciones basadas en evidencias, y acotadas a nuestra realidad nacional.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Child , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Fever/microbiology , Fever/drug therapy , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/microbiology , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neutropenia/microbiology , Neutropenia/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Chile , Consensus Development Conferences as Topic , Evidence-Based Medicine , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/standards , Severity of Illness Index
17.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(11): 1255-60, nov. 2000. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-282153

ABSTRACT

A Multiple Myeloma (MM), IgG-l stage III-A was diagnosed in a 41-year-old-man. After VAD cycles IgG decreased from 7.5 to 2.4 g/dL. were mobilized with cyclophosphamide and 10 µg/Kg G-CSF. Three days after the collection of peripheral stem cell, the patient had fever, nausea, vomiting, liquid stools, shoulder and knee arthralgia and dehydration. Upper GI endoscopy showed esophageal candidiasis and ulcerative necrotic lesions both in stomach and duodenum; the biopsy confirmed necrosis. Simultaneously, the appearance of purpura with maculopapular lesions of diverse sizes appeared in the feet progressing to the limbs and trunk. Hematuria and proteinuria were also observed. Skin biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Renal biopsy showed focal and segmental glomerulonephritis. Serum ANCA, cryoglobulins, anti-HCV and RF were negative, and serum monoclonal IgG was 1290 mg/dL. Daily treatment with iv methylprednisolone pulses for 3 days improved skin lesions and digestive involvement. Macroscopic hematuria and proteinuria improved after two months of steroid treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Multiple Myeloma/complications , IgA Vasculitis/complications , Vincristine/administration & dosage , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy , IgA Vasculitis/drug therapy
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(5): 539-46, mayo 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-267667

ABSTRACT

Tumorogenesis is associated with several events by which a normal cell transforms itself into a tumour cell with an increased proliferation rate. One of the most important research initiatives in this area is the characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in tumorogenesis and cancer. Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are directly involved in the cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis. The cellular oncogene MDM2 seems to be abnormally elevated in several human tumours, specially in sarcomas. The MDM2 gene product, mdm2 protein, pS3 and retinoblastoma (Rb) proteins, play crucial roles in the control of the cell cycle. The molecular interactions between mdm2, pS3 and Rb in cancer, are associated with a loss of control in the G1 phase of the cell cycle leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Studies by gene amplification appear to show an incomplete picture of mdm2 protein levels in tumour cells. The simultaneous determination of mdm2 protein and mRNA levels seems to give a more accurate interpretation of the abnormal function of the mdm2 protein. Thus, in addition to gene amplification, different mechanisms by which mdm2 is overexpressed in cancer cells also play an important role in tumorogenesis


Subject(s)
Humans , Oncogenes/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Genes, p53/genetics , Gene Amplification/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation/genetics , Transcription, Genetic/genetics
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 127(11): 1369-74, nov. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-257997

ABSTRACT

We report a 24 years old female with a superior mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis due to an antithrombin III factor deficiency, associated to oral contraceptive use and smoking. She presented with severe abdominal pain and the diagnosis was reached after surgery with a CT scan. The patient was treated with intravenous heparin and oral anticoagulation, with a good clinical and doppler endosonographic response. One month after the onset, she developed an intestinal occlusion caused by two concentric jejunal stenoses, measuring 2 and 0.7 cm in length and demonstrated with a barium jejunogram. A 35 cm intestinal resection was done and the patient recovered uneventfully. The pathological study showed granulation tissue on both stenotic zones with an ulcer near to the distal stricture, that reached the internal muscularis propria, with subserosal fibrosis. The development of segmental stenosis is a rare complication superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, that must be bore in mind


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Thrombosis , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion/complications , Portal Vein , Antithrombin III Deficiency , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Intestinal Obstruction/surgery , Intestinal Obstruction/diagnosis , Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion/diagnosis , Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion/etiology , Mesenteric Veins
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